....excerpts....<br><br>....<br><br>The first copyright law was a censorship law. It was not about protecting the rights of authors, or encouraging them to produce new works. Authors' rights were in little danger in sixteenth-century England, and the recent arrival of the printing press (the world's first copying machine) was if anything energizing to writers. So energizing, in fact, that the English government grew concerned about too many works being produced, not too few. The new technology was making seditious reading material widely available for the first time, and the government urgently needed to control the flood of printed matter, censorship being as legitimate an administrative function then as building roads.<br>
<br>The method the government chose was to establish a guild of private-sector censors, the London Company of Stationers, whose profits would depend on how well they performed their function. The Stationers were granted a royal monopoly over all printing in England, old works as well as new, in return for keeping a strict eye on what was printed. Their charter gave them not only exclusive right to print, but also the right to search out and confiscate unauthorized presses and books, and even to burn illegally printed books. No book could be printed until it was entered in the company's Register, and no work could be added to the Register until it had passed the crown's censor, or had been self-censored by the Stationers. The Company of Stationers became, in effect, the government's private, for-profit information police force.<br>
.....<br><p>The arrival of the Internet fundamentally changed this equation. It
has become cliché to say that the Internet is as revolutionary a
development as the printing press, and it is. But it is revolutionary
in a different way. The printing press may have made it possible to
turn one book into a thousand books, but those books still had to travel
from the press into the hands of readers. Physical books were not only
the medium in which the content was consumed, they were also the medium
in which it was transported to the consumer. Thus, a publisher's total
expense was proportional to the number of copies distributed. In such a
situation, it is reasonable to ask that each user bear a portion of the
costs of distribution. Each user is, after all, more or less
responsible for her particular quantum of expense. If the book (or
record) is in her hands, it must have gotten there somehow, which in
turn means someone spent money to get it there. Divide those expenses by
the number of copies, add in some amount for profit, and you arrive,
roughly speaking, at the book's price.</p>
<p>But today, the medium over which content is distributed can be
unrelated to the medium in which it is ultimately consumed. The data
can be sent over a wire, at essentially no cost, and the user can print
up a copy at her own expense, and at whatever quality she can afford, on
the other end <a style="text-decoration:none" href="http://questioncopyright.org/promise#7">[7]</a>.
Furthermore, it is no longer important to possess the master; in fact,
the concept of the master copy itself is obsolete. To make a perfect
copy of a printed work is actually quite hard, although making a corrupt
or abridged copy is very easy. Meanwhile, to make a perfect copy of a
digital work is trivially easy — it's making an <em>imperfect</em> copy that requires extra effort.</p><p>....<br></p><a href="http://questioncopyright.org/promise">http://questioncopyright.org/promise</a><br>