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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">No, Milton, I disagree completely. 
      Second levels, third levels and top levels are different. You can
      try all you want to wish it away, but you can't.  Network
      Solutions, Inc., back when it was THE REGISTRY AND REGISTRAR of
      .com, .org, .net and more operated in a way far different than you
      or I as registrants did.<br>
      <br>
      Registries, whether you like it or not, are imbued by the ICANN
      Community (and through contract with ICANN) with obligations to
      the protect the security and stability of the Internet. These are
      NOT magic words, they are substantive commitments that registries
      work on every single day. <br>
      <br>
      DNSSEC, the ability to lock domains and ensure that they have not
      been hijacked (among other features) is a Registry-level
      implementation. <br>
      <br>
      The Applicant Guidebook preserves my view of the world, not yours.
      It imbues Registries with obligations towards ICANN, the ICANN
      Community, and especially the Internet. These are real
      obligations, and ones the Registries will take very seriously --
      or lose their TLDs.<br>
      <br>
      Kathy<br>
      <br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:855077AC3D7A7147A7570370CA01ECD23563CA@SUEX10-mbx-10.ad.syr.edu"
      type="cite">
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              <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:5.25pt"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">
                  Kathy Kleiman [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:kathy@kathykleiman.com">mailto:kathy@kathykleiman.com</a>]
                  <br>
                  <br>
                </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal">Because a domain name is not a Top
              Level Domain.<span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                    New";color:#1F497D">[Milton L Mueller] Sorry,
                    Kathy, you’re just wrong here. .FOO is a domain
                    name. FOO.FOO is a domain name. FOO.FOO.FOO is a
                    domain name. The DNS is recursive, is recursive, is
                    recursive, is recursive…(repeat 64 times)<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                    New";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal">If we follow your reasoning, there's no
              reason to perform extensive Technical, Operational and
              Financial Showings/Review of New Registries.  We don't
              examine registrants, so why should we examine New gTLD
              Registries?<span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                    New";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                    New";color:#1F497D">[Milton L Mueller] BINGO!
                    You’ve just unmasked ICANN.
                    <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                    New";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                    New";color:#1F497D">Fact is, there is _no_
                    reason to perform those showings other than the very
                    fervent and politically potent desire of trademark
                    interests, law enforcement, incumbent operators and
                    governments to gain regulatory leverage over the
                    domain name users and market. And I strongly suspect
                    that you know that as well as I - but only when you
                    are performing in your normal role as domain name
                    rights advocate and not as lawyer for a client. ;-)<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                    New";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                    New";color:#1F497D">“Extensive technical,
                    operational and financial showings” are regulatory
                    mechanisms that reflect layer 9 policy demands. As
                    layer 9 phenomena, they could be applied to SLDs as
                    well as TLDs. Yes, the scary thing about your
                    argument, Kathy, is that we COULD examine SLD
                    registrants as intensively as we examine TLD
                    registrants if the political demand exists. Indeed,
                    some countries already do so (we will be visiting
                    one in April). When you think up rationalizations
                    for those regulations at one level, you are
                    providing fodder for their application at any level.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                    New";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                    New";color:#1F497D">Even in the most narrow
                    technical sense, there is no difference. A badly
                    operated TLD is no more or less impactful on
                    “Internet stability” than a badly operated SLD. You
                    may try to reply, “but wait, if .ORG goes down then
                    millions of people are affected” but I will quickly
                    reply “but wait, if FACEBOOK.COM goes down….” You
                    get the picture. What matters is how many people use
                    it, not what level of the DNS it is at.
                    <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                    New";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                    New";color:#1F497D">If you are basing your
                    entire argument against closed generics on the
                    “special status” of one level of the DNS, you’ve
                    lost the argument.
                    <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                    New";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier
                    New";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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          <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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