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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Let's go back to Postal,<br>
      <br>
      A specific identity at a specific location; If someone copy writes
      either of the two, a specific identity is forbidden delivery.  The
      specific identity may not be unique in name.  The specific
      location, however must be unique.  Postal did not copy write any
      of the words used for delivery.  The specific identity would be
      resolved at the specific address. The final resolution for deliver
      is not a public authority but a private one.  Please, let us not
      copy write the public domain.<br>
      <br>
      just my thoughts<br>
      <br>
      Lou  <br>
      <br>
      On 9/6/2012 2:04 PM, Nicolas Adam wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:5048E5C1.7060808@gmail.com" type="cite">
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      I disagree about the superiority of .book over .book<b>s</b> (and
      the many other close modification such as .bookish, .oldbook,
      .newbook, .goodbook, .readbooks, .buybooks, [brand]books, etc.,
      etc.) .libram, ., .tales, .grimoire, .etc .<br>
      <br>
      "Google" became a household name, after all. I don't even think
      that the one that has .book has an advantage over the one that has
      .thatthingywithpagesnotsomuchfromthepast.<br>
      <br>
      In fact, i'd take my chance marketing the latter. <br>
      <br>
      Nicolas<br>
      <br>
      <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 06/09/2012 1:17 PM, David Cake
        wrote:<br>
      </div>
      <blockquote
        cite="mid:4F47017D-DECD-4AC9-B860-5F9AEE5868F3@difference.com.au"
        type="cite"><base href="x-msg://859/">I don't think it is a
        trademark issue purely, nor do I think it is purely a free
        expression issue. 
        <div>But from a public interest point of view, there are some
          strings that we should consider carefully. </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Amazon don't have a trademark on book - and we would never
          let them have one. So why should we grant them any exclusive
          rights on .book, to be used only for their own branded
          product? And I disagree with Milton on this - the space is
          vast, yes, but not all strings are equal, and there are no
          synonyms for book of equal quality. </div>
        <div>Yes, it isn't a monopoly, but it is a significant
          competitive advantage that I don't think we should be selling
          exclusive rights to.</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Restricted registration (not the same as closed) may well
          be in the public interest in some cases. I think the case for
          restricting .bank to banks is reasonable, even if we use the
          word bank for some other purposes (food bank, seed bank, etc).
          And restricting .ngo to NGOs etc. </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>I'm OK with .brands having closed registration - the logic
          is essentially the original, public interest, case for
          trademarks, that it protects consumer interests to prevent
          attempts to claim false association. </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Sure, there are business agendas at play here. And much as
          I also am a member of the Michele Neylon fan club, I
          acknowledge that he (as a registrar) has an interest in
          keeping as many of them as open as possible. But I also think
          there are some cases where I'd much rather see a registrant
          that intends open registration succeed, and those where a
          closed use would imply trying to 'capture' a generic, not
          trademarkable, term are particularly problematic (ie .book,
          .app, .music, etc). Most of which are contested, with at least
          some major bidders planning on open (or restricted but not
          closed) registration. </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Cheers</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>David</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
          <div>
            <div>On 07/09/2012, at 12:40 AM, Milton L Mueller wrote:</div>
            <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
            <blockquote type="cite"><span class="Apple-style-span"
                style="border-collapse: separate; font-family:
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                -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
                white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
                -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px;
                -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;
                -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
                -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;
                -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: medium; ">
                <div bgcolor="white" link="blue" vlink="purple"
                  lang="EN-US">
                  <div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; ">
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                      margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Kathy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                      margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); ">I don't agree with Michele's
                        letter and don't see that there are actually
                        free expression issues here. Although it is good
                        that you circulated this letter, to keep us
                        informed, we have already started a dialogue
                        about this issue in connection with the NCUC
                        statement regarding human rights issues in new
                        gTLDs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                      margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                      margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); ">As we all know, DNS strings
                        must be exclusively registered to someone.
                        Whoever that person/organization is should be
                        able to determine the level of "closedness" or
                        "openness" of the registrations under it. This
                        is true at the top level, second level, third
                        level, whatever. Just as free expression does
                        not mean that the IGP website (<a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="http://internetgovernance.org"
                          style="color: blue; text-decoration:
                          underline; ">internetgovernance.org</a>) has
                        to allow anyone and everyone to publish their
                        opinion, or register a domain at the third level
                        under it, so ownership of a TLD does not
                        obligate anyone to open its registrations. If
                        they want to, fine. If they don't, it's their
                        right.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                      margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                      margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); ">The DNS space is vast. For
                        any given string, there are always more or less
                        good substitutes. Giving someone .cloud does not
                        give anyone a monopoly over cloud services,
                        clouds in the air, use of the word cloud in
                        other contexts, cloud-like brands, cloud images,
                        or…cloudy thinking. The idea that these closed
                        business models create a monopoly on anything is
                        just wrong. The idea that any generic term must
                        be "open" means something very inimical to free
                        expression: it means that ICANN would have to
                        dictate the business models and procedures of
                        whoever registered a given string. It would also
                        mean that ICANN would have to dictate what was a
                        generic word and what was not, because it is not
                        always obvious.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                      margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                      margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Valuable domains will be
                        created not by the word or string itself, but by
                        the investment and value that go into its
                        operation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                      margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                      margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); ">I don’t see how we can say
                        that end users - and noncommercial users
                        specifically - are inherently better off if the
                        entity that wins .MUSIC allows open registration
                        or creates a controlled name space in which the
                        second-level is specific artists, or restricts
                        it to internal users, or some other business
                        model. Either way might please users, either way
                        might not work out.   Take any word in any
                        language of your choice: let's say, CHOICE as an
                        example. Can you really contend that free
                        expression is better served if .CHOICE _<i>must</i>_
                        allow anyone and everyone to register under it?
                        What if it is acquired by Planned Parenthood and
                        they want to use it to promote their own views,
                        and thus limit how the name space is used?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                      margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                      margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); ">You know as well as I do,
                        Kathy, that generic terms have been and will
                        continue to be registered at the second level (<a
                          moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://books.com"
                          style="color: blue; text-decoration:
                          underline; ">books.com</a>,<span
                          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
                          moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://cloud.com"
                          style="color: blue; text-decoration:
                          underline; ">cloud.com</a><span
                          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>etc.) In
                        a world where .com constituted over half of the
                        domain name space, those generic terms were
                        "closed" and probably more economically
                        significant than registering a new TLD in a
                        world of 1000 new TLDs will be.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
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                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                      margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); ">What is really going on
                        here? I believe that these so-called open v
                        closed and "free expression" concerns are just a
                        cloak for certain business interests to try to
                        gain a leg up on the competition for valuable
                        names. Applicants with business  models oriented
                        around large numbers of individual registrations
                        (e.g., registrars such as Mr. Neylon) are trying
                        to use the regulatory process ex post - re-write
                        the rules in mid-stream - to gain an advantage
                        over applicants with business models that
                        involve more controlled name spaces. I refuse to
                        play along.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                      margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                      margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); ">--MM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
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                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
                    <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
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                      serif; color: black; "><span style="font-size:
                        11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color:
                        rgb(31, 73, 125); "><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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                        <div style="border-right-style: none;
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                          <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right:
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                            0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family:
                            'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; "><b><span
                                style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                                Tahoma, sans-serif; color: windowtext; ">From:</span></b><span
                              style="font-size: 10pt; font-family:
                              Tahoma, sans-serif; color: windowtext; "><span
                                class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>NCSG-Discuss

                              [<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                                href="mailto:NCSG-DISCUSS@LISTSERV.SYR.EDU">mailto:NCSG-DISCUSS@LISTSERV.SYR.EDU</a>]<span
                                class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>On

                                Behalf Of<span
                                  class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Kathy

                              Kleiman<br>
                              <b>Sent:</b><span
                                class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Wednesday,

                              September 05, 2012 3:18 PM<br>
                              <b>To:</b><span
                                class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
                                moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:NCSG-DISCUSS@LISTSERV.SYR.EDU">NCSG-DISCUSS@LISTSERV.SYR.EDU</a><br>
                              <b>Subject:</b><span
                                class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>[NCSG-Discuss]

                              Closed New gTLDs - "Closed Gardens"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                      <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                        margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                        font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                        serif; color: black; "><o:p> </o:p></div>
                      <div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in;
                        margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;
                        font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                        serif; color: black; ">Hi All,<br>
                        I would like to share with you a letter being
                        circulated by Michele Neylon, the wonderful
                        Blacknight registrar (and the only registrar in
                        Ireland).  It deals with new gTLDs that are
                        "closed gardens" -- generic words that some
                        companies have applied for as new gTLDs and will
                        keep "closed" -- not open for general
                        second-level domain name registration.  These
                        include some applicants for .BLOG and .CLOUD,
                        among many others.<br>
                        <br>
                        It's a powerful letter with strong free
                        speech/freedom of expression arguments. Concerns
                        are shared by registries, registrars and
                        registrants -- and Michele is looking for
                        Signatories.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
                        <br>
                        Please take a moment to look at the letter, and
                        let Michele know if you can sign on (name,
                        organization).  Michele is cc'ed on this email,
                        and can be reached at<span
                          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:michele@blacknight.ie"
                          style="color: blue; text-decoration:
                          underline; ">michele@blacknight.ie</a><span
                          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
                        <br>
                        -----<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
                        Here's the full version with current signatories
                        :<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZUNlookOWyaSW8lXfi_37zVFsVk9xcxncvmE0uwPEFY/edit"
                          style="color: blue; text-decoration:
                          underline; ">https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZUNlookOWyaSW8lXfi_37zVFsVk9xcxncvmE0uwPEFY/edit</a>Here

                        are two quotes from the<span
                          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
                        <br>
                        <o:p></o:p></div>
                      <p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin-right: 0in;
                        margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family:
                        'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; "><br>
                        <span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;
                          ">Here are two quotes from the letter:<span
                            class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
                          style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family:
                          Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br>
                          "Based on our collective industry experience,
                          we are of the opinion that the underlying
                          intention of Section 6 was to allow for the
                          operation of closed gTLDs only under very
                          defined circumstances.  </span><span
                          style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br>
                        </span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;
                          font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; ">Specifically,

                          that closed gTLDs should be reserved for only
                          those strings in which the applicant possesses
                          established (i.e., legally recognized)
                          intellectual property rights, basically brand
                          names.  We believe that this interpretation of
                          Section 6 is inherently logical especially in
                          view of the discussions that preceded the
                          opening of gTLDs -- which focused, in very
                          large part, on expanding choices and
                          opportunities as well as promoting innovation,
                          for Internet consumers worldwide."</span><span
                          style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br>
                          <br>
                        </span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;
                          font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; ">"Further,

                           generic words used in a generic way belong to
                          all people. It is inherently in the public
                          interest to allow access to generic new gTLDs
                          to the whole of the Internet Community, e.g.,
                          .BLOG, .MUSIC, .CLOUD. Allowing everyone to
                          register and use second level domain names of
                          these powerful, generic TLDs is exactly what
                          we envisioned the New gTLD Program would do.
                          In contrast, to allow individual Registry
                          Operators to segregate and close-off common
                          words for which they do not possess
                          intellectual property rights in effect allows
                          them to circumvent nation-states’ entrenched
                          legal processes for obtaining legitimate and
                          recognized trademark protections."</span><span
                          style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br>
                        </span>----<br>
                        Best,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
                        Kathy<o:p></o:p></p>
                      <p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin-right: 0in;
                        margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family:
                        'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; ">Kathy
                        Kleiman<br>
                        Internet Counsel, Fletcher, Heald & Hildreth<br>
                        Co-Founder, NCUC</p>
                    </div>
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              </span></blockquote>
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