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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>This is a fantastic idea, Rebecca. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>As you may know, some of us have been trying
to get free expression concerns as an officially recognized part of ICANN’s
agenda for some time (back to the beginning, in fact). <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>We learned during the new gTLD policy
making process (e.g., the “morality and public order” section) how difficult
that will be and we have learned that the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place> government is completely
indifferent, at least the Commerce Department that controls relations with
ICANN. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>About a year ago, the CEO of Public
Interest Registry (.org) and I tried to get ICANN’s CEO (Twomey) to do
something similar regarding the IDN fast track for ccTLDs. We didn’t call it a
HR impact assessment but the intent was exactly the same. You can see what we
sent here: <a
href="http://www.circleid.com/posts/88710_org_ncuc_internationalized_domain_names/">http://www.circleid.com/posts/88710_org_ncuc_internationalized_domain_names/</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>It will be interesting to see how far your
idea gets. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>--MM<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div style='border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> Non-Commercial
User Constituency [mailto:NCUC-DISCUSS@LISTSERV.SYR.EDU] <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b><st1:PersonName w:st="on">Rebecca
MacKinnon</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Sunday, November 01, 2009
1:24 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> NCUC-DISCUSS@LISTSERV.SYR.EDU<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [NCUC-DISCUSS] Human
rights impact assessment</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Dear all,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Was good seeing people in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Seoul</st1:place></st1:City>.
Sorry I wasn't able to hang out more but I had to do a bunch of interviews with
people in the South Korean web community - most of whom hadn't really heard of
ICANN - and was also juggling some other project deadlines, which meant going
back to the hotel and working late at night.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>At our meeting on Tuesday I raised with Kurt Pritz the question of
whether a human rights impact assessment might be appropriate. He asked me to
e-mail him explaining the idea, which I have done. The same info I sent him is
below. I'll leave it to our councilors and the rest of the NCSG community to
decide whether this is something people want to pursue further. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Best,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Rebecca<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><br clear=all>
</span></font><span class=apple-style-span><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>As gTLD's and particularly IDN
gTLD's get rolled out there are tremendous number of unknowns about what will
happen. The unknowns regarding trademark and security are much discussed. Less
discussed are the unknowns regarding free expression </span></font></span><span
class=il><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial'>rights</span></font></span><span class=apple-style-span><font size=2
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> for applicants
and their end registrants - particularly dissident organizations, exiled
democracy groups, or non-mainstream groups from authoritarian countries whose
governments might seek to prevent them from operating an IDN gTLD in that
country's native script, and/or maximize their chances of failure after the
application is approved, and/or track down and persecute individual registrants
of these particular gTLDs. </span></font></span><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
<br>
<span class=il>Human</span><span class=apple-style-span> </span><span
class=il>rights</span><span class=apple-style-span> </span><span class=il>impact</span><span
class=apple-style-span> </span><span class=il>assessments</span><span
class=apple-style-span> are increasingly common in other industries like
the extractive and manufacturing industries, but for the ICT sector they are
very new. Some leading companies in the ICT sector are realizing that
they have a responsibility to make sure that the technical and operational
decisions they make don't have negative unintended consequences - or
implications that weren't sufficiently thought through in advance - for the</span><span
class=il>human</span><span class=apple-style-span> </span><span class=il>rights</span><span
class=apple-style-span> of their users and customers. I am a founding
member of the Global Network Initiative (<a
href="http://globalnetworkinitiative.org/" target="_blank"><font color="#147dba"><span
style='color:#147DBA'>globalnetworkinitiative.org</span></font></a>), a global
multistakeholder initiative for free expression and privacy for the ICT
industry, launched last year. Google, Microsoft, and Yahoo have signed on and
we're talking to a range of other companies about joining. Member companies
commit to a set of bottom-line principles, and agree to an implentation
framework which includes a commitment to doing </span><span class=il>human</span><span
class=apple-style-span> </span><span class=il>rights</span><span
class=apple-style-span> </span><span class=il>assessments</span><span
class=apple-style-span> for new products and services particularly when
the rollout of said products/services includes markets where the definition of
"crime" is well known to include peaceful political speech. If ICANN
were a GNI member, the rollout of gTLD's and especially IDN gTLDs would fit the
criteria for a situation in which a </span><span class=il>human</span><span
class=apple-style-span> </span><span class=il>rights</span><span
class=apple-style-span>assessment would be in order.</span><br>
<br>
<span class=apple-style-span>The GNI principles can be found here: </span><br>
<span class=apple-style-span><a
href="http://www.globalnetworkinitiative.org/principles/index.php"
target="_blank"><font color="#147dba"><span style='color:#147DBA'>http://www.globalnetworkinitiative.org/principles/index.php</span></font></a></span><br>
<br>
<span class=apple-style-span>The Implementation Guidelines are here: </span><br>
<span class=apple-style-span><a
href="http://www.globalnetworkinitiative.org/implementationguidelines/index.php"
target="_blank"><font color="#147dba"><span style='color:#147DBA'>http://www.globalnetworkinitiative.org/implementationguidelines/index.php</span></font></a></span><br>
<br>
<span class=apple-style-span>The section about </span><span class=il>human</span><span
class=apple-style-span> </span><span class=il>rights</span><span
class=apple-style-span> </span><span class=il>assessments</span><span
class=apple-style-span> is exceprted below. Obviously it would be modified
given that ICANN's work of managing the DNS is unique, but it gives you an
idea. Given the public interest mandate of ICANN, it would seem that
commissioning an independent </span><span class=il>human</span><span
class=apple-style-span> </span><span class=il>rights</span><span
class=apple-style-span> assessment of the DAG would boost public
confidence and trust in ICANN's work. It would also help lay to rest a lot of
open questions. One would envision that such an assessment would include
specific in-depth scenarios for how the DAG's guidelines would play out for
different kinds of vulnerable/dissident/non-mainstream groups from a range of
countries. <o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-left:47.25pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><font
size=2 face=Symbol><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><span class=il><b><font size=2
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'>Human</span></font></b></span><b><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:
bold'> <span class=il>Rights</span> <span class=il>Impact</span> <span
class=il>Assessments</span></span></font></b><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
Participating companies will employ <span class=il>human</span> <span
class=il>rights</span> <span class=il>impact</span> <span class=il>assessments</span> to
identify circumstances when freedom of expression and privacy may be
jeopardized or advanced, and develop appropriate risk mitigation strategies
when:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:94.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Reviewing and revising internal
procedures for responding to government demands for user data or content
restrictions in existing markets<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:94.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Entering new markets, particularly
those where freedom of expression and privacy are not well protected.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:94.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Reviewing the policies, procedures
and activities of potential partners, investments, suppliers and other relevant
related parties for protecting freedom of expression and privacy as part of its
corporate due diligence process.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:94.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Designing and introducing new
technologies, products and services.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-left:47.25pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>The <span class=il>human</span> <span
class=il>rights</span> <span class=il>impact</span> <span class=il>assessments</span> will
be undertaken to different levels of detail and scope depending on the purpose
of the <span class=il>impact</span> assessment. However,
participating companies should:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:94.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Prioritize the use of <span
class=il>human</span> <span class=il>rights</span> <span class=il>impact</span> <span
class=il>assessments</span> for markets, products, technologies and
services that present the greatest risk to freedom of expression and privacy or
where the potential to advance <span class=il>humanrights</span> is
at its greatest.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:94.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Update <span class=il>human</span> <span
class=il>rights</span> <span class=il>impact</span> <span class=il>assessments</span> over
time, such as when there are material changes to laws, regulations, markets,
products, technologies, or services.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:94.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Draw upon resources from <span
class=il>human</span> <span class=il>rights</span> groups, government
bodies, international organizations and materials developed as part of this
multi-stakeholder process.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:94.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Include a consideration of relevant
local laws in each market and whether the domestic legal systems conform to
rule of law requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:94.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Utilize learning from real life
cases and precedents.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:94.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Focus on potential partners,
investments, suppliers and other relevant related parties that are involved in
the participating company’s business in a manner that materially affects the
company’s role in respecting and protecting privacy and freedom of expression.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:94.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<font size=1 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Incorporate the outputs of <span
class=il>human</span> <span class=il>rights</span> <span class=il>impact</span> <span
class=il>assessments</span> into other company processes, such as
corporate risk <span class=il>assessments</span> and due diligence.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
<br>
<span class=apple-style-span> </span></span></font><br>
-- <br>
IMPORTANT: My <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Hong Kong</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> e-mail (<a
href="mailto:rmack@hku.hk">rmack@hku.hk</a>) will stop working in January.
Please use my gmail instead (see below).<br>
<br>
<st1:PersonName w:st="on">Rebecca MacKinnon</st1:PersonName><br>
Open Society Fellow | Co-founder, GlobalVoicesOnline.org<br>
Assistant Professor, Journalism & Media Studies Centre, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Hong Kong</st1:PlaceName></st1:place><br>
<br>
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">UK</st1:place></st1:country-region>:
+44-7759-863406<br>
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">USA</st1:place></st1:country-region>:
+1-617-939-3493<br>
HK: +852-6334-8843<br>
Mainland <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>:
+86-13710820364<br>
<br>
E-mail: <a href="mailto:rebecca.mackinnon@gmail.com">rebecca.mackinnon@gmail.com</a><br>
Blog: <a href="http://RConversation.blogs.com">http://RConversation.blogs.com</a><br>
Twitter: <a href="http://twitter.com/rmack">http://twitter.com/rmack</a><br>
Friendfeed: <a href="http://friendfeed.com/rebeccamack">http://friendfeed.com/rebeccamack</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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